In 2022, over 50 million adults were diagnosed with a mental illness, however, only half of those individuals received mental health care. This marked disparity between diagnosis and service utilization reflects the need to understand barriers impeding individuals from seeking mental health treatment. One commonly experienced barrier to seeking treatment is stigma. Stigma can result from cultural attitudes to structural limitations within communities which impacts how its members seek and interact with mental health services. Community-based research is necessary to understand the nuances regarding barriers within specific communities and the impact of sociodemographic factors on the perceived level of stigma. This direct work with communities helps identify various lived experiences and identify where stigma is most prevalent. Participants were recruited at community centers, bus stops, and public parks in Tarrant County (N = 77) and asked to complete a brief paper survey. Analysis demonstrated that males reported higher levels of stigma towards seeking mental health treatment compared to females. No other comparisons of sociodemographic variables were statistically significant. These results suggest that interventions targeting mental health treatment engagement in Tarrant County should target stigma primarily among males. Further research is needed to understand other barriers within this community to seeking mental health treatment.

Substance use among adolescents, particularly those in the juvenile justice (JJ) system, remains a critical public health issue with serious long-term consequences. Adolescents in JJ facilities face a heightened risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) and are more likely to experience negative outcomes such as mental health challenges and re-incarceration. Identifying substance use patterns in this population is essential for developing targeted treatment and intervention strategies that can mitigate these risks. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of substance use among incarcerated youth, focusing on how these patterns, as well as changes in use over time, relate to treatment needs. Data were analyzed from the Leveraging Safe Adults (LeSA) project, a 5-year longitudinal study evaluating the effectiveness of Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) in reducing opioid use among youth after release from JJ facilities. Quantitative methods, including frequencies, cross-tabulations, and ANCOVAs, were used to analyze survey data. Results at baseline (N = 250) indicate that incarcerated youth report most frequent use of marijuana and alcohol and identify marijuana as the most problematic substance for them. However, a general decrease in marijuana and alcohol use was observed at a 3-month follow-up (n = 90) and 6-month follow-up (n = 60). These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions focused on marijuana use and provide preliminary evidence that substance use patterns in this population can improve over time. Findings could inform future interventions designed to address the unique challenges faced by adolescents within the juvenile justice system.

Sector diversity in professional training programs is a crucial factor in expanding the reach and effectiveness of trauma-informed interventions across multiple disciplines. This exploratory study examines the year-to-year expansion of sector diversity in Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) Practitioner Training from 2019 to 2024. Data from 4,048 participants across six years of training sessions were analyzed to assess trends in sector representation across 16 professional categories. Annual participant counts ranged from 498 in 2020 to 1,229 in 2024. Findings indicate a gradual diversification of professional representation, with juvenile justice, sex trafficking, corrections, international outreach, and medical professional sectors remaining underrepresented. These insights highlight areas requiring targeted outreach to enhance the inclusion of diverse professional backgrounds in future training cohorts. The study contributes to understanding trends in professional diversity within TBRI training and informs future recruitment strategies for underrepresented sectors.

Ethical decision-making is affected by both cognitive and emotional factors; nevertheless, little research has been directed towards the impact of frustration in moral reasoning. We examined the impact of frustration in decision-making in response to both classical (Sacrificial) and real-world (Contemporary) moral dilemmas in two different studies (N = 328). The participants first took the Ethical Perspectives Scale (Diegel et al., 2024) and were then assigned to a frustrating anagram completion or control group. Next, they responded to ethical dilemmas and gave us data about personality traits, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sex, age, and political orientation.
The results showed that frustration significantly reduced the ability of ethical perspectives to predict decision-making. Without frustration, Utilitarianism was a strong predictor of outcome-oriented decisions (p ≤ .01), while Rights and Common Good ethics were linked to deontological decision-making (p ≤ .01). However, under the influence of frustration, these effects disappeared (p ≥ .05), suggesting that emotional upset undermines moral consistency. Frustration also undermined the influence of Virtue and Care ethics (p ≤ .01), particularly under high-stakes conditions.
Later tests revealed correlations between ethical positions and personality traits. Both Care ethics and Virtue ethics showed significant relationships with higher religiosity levels (p ≤ .05), while Rights ethics was negatively related with religiosity (p ≤ .01). Politically, Virtue ethics was linked with conservative orientations, while Care ethics was linked with liberal orientations (p ≤ .05). Tests for personality factors showed Utilitarianism associated with low Openness (p = .002), while Virtue ethics was predictive of higher Openness (p = .043).
The findings highlight how frustration undermines moral reasoning, thus disrupting ethical frameworks in the decision-making process. This carries important implications for leadership, policy-making, and crisis situations where ethical decisions have to be made under high-stress conditions.

Many people living with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) are cared for by informal caregivers (Thompson et al. 2007). Caregivers can face challenges managing and treating symptoms owing to gaps in their dementia-related knowledge (Jorge et al., 2021). Prior work has found that practice testing enhances long-term retention of information (Agarwal et al., 2021). Practice testing followed by elaborative feedback also benefits learning, regardless of whether the retrieval attempt is successful or unsuccessful (Butler, 2008; Roediger & Butler, 2011). We examined whether practice testing with or without elaborative feedback improved caregivers’ learning of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Caregivers studied 12 categories of BPSD and then either restudied the material, took a practice test with no feedback, or took a practice test with elaborative feedback. We found that testing with feedback enhanced caregivers’ learning of BPSD more than testing with no feedback or restudying on both an immediate and delayed test. We also present characteristics of our sample.

Awareness and uptake of HIV-preventative medications in women remain low, which contributes to a high prevalence of cases in the southern United States. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an available and effective HIV prevention medication. However, it is not very well-known, particularly among women. This study aims to increase awareness and knowledge of PrEP through an educational model, which includes a pre-survey and a post-survey to assess changes in the participants’ understanding of the medication. Women were recruited through SONA, Mturk, and in-person recruitment methods, with a goal of N = 50 - 150. Data from the surveys about the women’s attitudes and knowledge of PrEP before and after the educational model will be analyzed using a paired samples t-test. We hypothesize that after viewing the PrEP & Women education module, participants’ knowledge and attitudes towards PrEP will change significantly. Specifically, we predict that after viewing the module, individuals’ PrEP attitudes will become more positive and their PrEP knowledge will increase. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a PrEP education tool that can be utilized on a wider scale to increase PrEP knowledge and decrease negative attitudes/stigma.

Learning and remembering medications requires forming memory associations that older adults (65+ years old) tend to experience difficulty forming (e.g., Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). One way older adults can compensate for such memory deficits is to prioritize remembering more important information over less important information. With task experience, older adults can prioritize remembering important information as well as younger adults (e.g., Castel, McGillivray, & Friedman, 2012; McGillivray & Castel, 2017). We examined how much task experience is needed for older and younger adults to learn drug interactions and their side effects. Participants studied fictitious drug interactions with side effects that differed in severity (mild, moderate, severe) and took a cued recall test across three trials. Participants also completed measures of health knowledge and side effect knowledge to evaluate self-efficacy. Recall improved with task experience in both younger and older adults, and both age groups remembered severe side effects over mild and moderate side effects, which is consistent with prior work (e.g., Friedman et al., 2015). Younger adults remembered more than older adults, which provides insights to the cognitive differences between older and younger adults in their abilities to recall health information. Older adults scored higher than younger adults on the health knowledge measure, but there was no difference in side effect knowledge between age groups.

Abstract
Background. Understanding the motivations that drive individuals to pursue careers in helping professions is crucial for workforce recruitment, retention, and training, particularly in the child welfare sector. Despite the increasing demand for helping professionals, research on the factors influencing career decisions in this field remains limited. This qualitative study explores the motivations of individuals who become helping professionals, particularly those working with children and families affected by adversity.

Methods. The study included 398 helping professionals (M = 43.08 years, range = 22–70), with the majority identifying as female (87%) and white (80%). Participants represented various professional fields, including foster care and adoption (37%), clinical and counseling services (29%), education (16%), and juvenile justice (9%). Data were collected via Qualtrics surveys featuring open-ended questions, with one of them about career motivations (Why did you choose to be in a helping profession?). Thematic analysis was used to create a codebook and systematically analyze responses.

Results. Analysis identified five key themes underlying the motivations of helping professionals: Encouragement, Empowerment, Utilization of Own Experience, Inspiration, and Understanding. Encouragement involved fostering hope, recovery, prevention, connections, and growth. Empowerment reflected advocating for children, building trust, and amplifying voices. Utilization of Own Experience encompassed applying personal experience/trauma, empathy, and a helping mindset. Inspiration included passion, personal satisfaction, making a difference, and faith. Understanding captured the recognition of trauma’s impact and family influence in shaping individuals’ lives.

Conclusion. These findings offer valuable insights into the motivations that drive individuals to enter and remain in helping professions. By identifying core motivational factors, this study informs targeted recruitment strategies, supports retention efforts, and contributes to the development of training programs that align with professionals' values and career goals.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation tool that is approved as a therapeutic for epilepsy, depression, migraines, stroke recovery, and opioid withdrawal. VNS is more effective for some individuals than others (Olsen et al., 2023). Person based factors that impact vagal activity, such as vagal tone, may contribute to variation in VNS efficacy (Geng et al., 2022). Further, sex-based differences have been found to modulate levels of vagal tone, as women show higher levels of vagal parasympathetic activity compared to men (Koenig and Thayer, 2016). Thus, the current study examines how participant sex (male v. female) impacts sensitivity (i.e., tolerance to the stimulation) and responsiveness, measured via heart rate variability (HRV), to VNS. Eligible participants from the TCU SONA pool used a lab computer to give consent and take a preliminary survey. Research assistants asked participants to put on a Polar Strap that connects to Kubios software to measure HRV. Trained graduate students then administered a taVNS procedure to stimulate the auricular branch of the vagus nerve via the left ear. The current study predicts that male participants will be able to tolerate higher levels of VNS and will have greater responsiveness to VNS than female participants. These findings have clinical implications to improve the efficacy of VNS for therapeutic use, to understand how sex-based differences relate to VNS sensitivity, and to see how VNS sensitivity impacts vagal activation.

Historically, women’s health has been understudied. Unfortunately, improper research of women’s health can lead to unmet health care needs, health disparities, and differences in treatment access. This suggests that not only do women need more research about their health outcomes, but they also need more resources to supplement their knowledge about their own health outcomes. Therefore, the present research aimed to address this gap in the literature by assessing whether long-term usage of a menstrual cycle app, Flo, can improve women’s wellness and knowledge about the menstrual cycle. Participants were randomly assigned to receive Flo premium (experimental condition) or a pamphlet comprising of menstrual cycle information (control condition) before reporting their knowledge of menstrual cycle facts and own cycle knowledge. After having the pamphlet or Flo premium for two months, participants again reported their knowledge of menstrual cycle facts and own cycle knowledge. Results revealed women who used the Flo app gained more knowledge about their own menstrual cycle between survey 1 and survey 2, but women who received the pamphlet had no differences in their own cycle knowledge between survey 1 and survey 2. However, there were no differences in knowledge of menstrual cycle facts across time or between groups. Therefore, these findings suggest that menstrual cycle apps can improve women’s knowledge about their own bodies, but may not act as a tool for understanding facts about the menstrual cycle.

Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI) is an emerging therapeutic intervention technique for professionals working with children and youth who have experienced trauma, providing evidence-based strategies to address complex developmental needs. TBRI Practitioner Training is a key way that the Karyn Purvis Institute of Child Development equips professionals with strategies to support children's developmental potential and continue to expand the use of TBRI. Optimizing TBRI practitioner training to be impactful and accessible as participant needs change remains an ongoing challenge. This exploratory study examines participant feedback from TBRI practitioner training sessions to identify opportunities for improvement across delivery formats and content areas. The current study includes participants who were accepted into TBRI Practitioner Training from 2021-2024 (n = 1,907). The study utilizes data collected through a feedback survey sent out at the conclusion of the training. Thematic analysis and year-to-year comparisons of quantitative and qualitative data reveal several constructive themes including the importance of networking and the benefit of mentor groups. The survey highlights necessary changes needed to fit the changing needs of participants as time goes on and standards evolve. This research offers a vigorous foundation for data-driven improvements to TBRI practitioner training that align with evolving professional needs and delivery preferences.

Marital conflict is a key factor in the quality of marriages (Gottman & Levenson, 1992; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2005), and research shows that it is also pertinent to child functioning, affecting the mental health and behavioral outcomes of the children of marital partners (Buehler et al., 2009; O’Leary & Vidair, 2005; Tavassolie et al., 2016). Most of the past research examining the relationships between marital conflict and child functioning has examined couples with a child in the developmental stages of childhood and adolescence, with little research observing effects beyond adolescence. Emerging adulthood is a developmental period between the ages of 18-25 and is a crucial stage in the development of emotion regulation and suppression (Arnett, 2007; Zimmermann & Iwanski, 2014). Despite this, there is a lack of research observing the effects that marital conflict may have on the children of marital partners in emerging adulthood, a gap that the current study seeks to fill. The current study had three goals. First, it examined the association between parental marital conflict and the mental health outcomes of emerging adults, exploring whether specific conflict resolution strategies differentially influenced mental health outcomes. Second, it examined how parental reports of marital satisfaction relate to reports of marital conflict and strategy use and how these reports relate to emerging adult mental health outcomes. Finally, it aimed to add to existing research on discrepancies between mother, father, and child reports of marital conflict. The current study included 176 emerging adults (18-25 years old) and 163 of their parents, of which 90 were mothers and 73 were fathers. The children answered a series of questionnaires about their self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and their parents’ marital conflict. The parents answered a series of self-report questionnaires about their marital conflict, their marital satisfaction, and their and their partners’ resolution strategies. The results of the study have not yet been analyzed.

There has been limited research evaluating Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA) in police officers. However, previous research has suggested that although low levels of RMA have been found among police officers, specific myths such as victim credibility, are still prevalent. The endorsement of specific myths can be impactful as they can influence victim-blaming attitudes and case progression, along with reinforcing negative rape stereotypes (Sleath & Bull, 2017). Police officer's trainings have been held to address rape misconceptions; however, the long-term effectiveness of these trainings remain unclear (Darwinkel et al. 2013);(Sleath & Bull, 2017). As trauma informed-care has begun to emerge in the field of policing, there is a need for further research on how trauma-informed attitudes influence RMA in police officers (Lathan et al., 2019). The study aims to address (1) how RMA scores differ from police officers that have trauma-informed knowledge versus police officers who do not, and (2) the difference in attitudes towards trauma-informed care among officers who have trauma-informed knowledge versus those that do not. This study includes secondary data collected from a previous study recruiting police officers from across the state of Texas. A total of 108 police officers voluntarily completed the online Qualtrics survey that assessed their trauma-informed knowledge, attitudes towards trauma-informed care, and rape myth acceptance. Two t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between (1) trauma-informed knowledge and rape myth acceptance, and (2) trauma-informed knowledge and attitudes towards trauma-informed care. This study provides informative insights about the relationship between trauma-informed knowledge, trauma-informed attitudes, and rape myth accepts among police officers, which overall emphasizes the need for the continuous implementation of trauma-informed care in police officers.

Moral decision-making is influenced by a range of ethical perspectives; yet little is known about how the more nuanced perspectives impact people's response to different moral dilemmas. The present study examines the predictive power of six ethical perspectives—Utilitarianism, Rights, Justice/Fairness, Common Good, Virtue, and Care—when predicting decision outcomes among 20 dilemmas divided into Sacrificial-Personal (SP), Sacrificial-Impersonal (SI), Contemporary-Personal (CP), and Contemporary-Impersonal (CI) types. Participants in the study comprised two different groups: Study 1 (N = 210) consisted of a sample of college students recruited through TCU’s Psychology Participant Pool, while Study 2 (N = 501) consisted of a general population sample recruited through CloudResearch.
The results indicate that contextual as well as population-specific characteristics drive ethical decision-making. Utilitarian ideals notably predicted the acceptance of sacrificial-impersonal situations, emphasizing the need to maximize group welfare. In contrast, Virtue and Care ethics were inversely related to sacrificial-personal choices, suggesting aversion to causing direct harm. Justice/Fairness and Rights-based ethics exhibited increased relevance in contemporary policy issues, echoing concerns for equity and individual rights. Study 2 also revealed that demographic variables of age, gender, political ideology, and religious affiliation contributed to ethical inclinations: young liberals exhibited a proclivity for Utilitarian and Justice/Fairness ideals, while older, conservative, and religious individuals preferred Virtue-based considerations.
The results highlight persistent disparities in moral judgment within various categories of dilemmas and demographic groups, depicting the effects of context-specific factors along with individual characteristics on ethical decision making. The findings provide additional insight into the workings of ethical perspectives within real-life moral dilemmas and policy decision making.

This study explored the relationship between existential isolation (EI) and dehumanization. Studies have shown existential isolation, or feeling alone in one’s experience, is associated with deficits in personal well-being, such as feelings of loneliness, depression and anxiety, and lower levels of self-esteem. Other forms of isolation, such as social ostracism, have been associated with feelings of dehumanization, perceiving oneself or others as being “subhuman” or lacking essential human attributes. Given these associations, we wanted to test whether greater levels of EI were positively associated with dehumanizing perceptions. Across three studies surveying undergraduate students and adults, we found significant evidence of an association between high EI and greater self-dehumanization (perceiving oneself as subhuman), greater meta-dehumanization (perceiving others as subhuman), and lower moral goodness.

Research indicates that sex differences are evident in most emotion regulation strategies including impulsivity, as measured by higher delayed discounting, even when controlling for substance use. Impulsivity, linked to deficits in self-control and delayed discounting, contributes to substance use and risk-taking behavior, with emotion dysregulation further reinforcing these patterns in youth. However, protective factors like parental support and monitoring can mitigate impulsivity by fostering moral reasoning and self-regulation, which encompasses emotion regulation, reducing risk of delinquency. A deeper understanding of emotion regulation and impulsivity can inform the development of more effective, tailored interventions for all youth in the legal system (YLS), focusing on self-control deficits and risk behaviors. This study examined sex-based variations in impulsivity and emotion regulation among YLS, while also looking at their link to substance use and family dynamics. Data utilized were from an ongoing 5-year longitudinal project with YLS. Hypotheses were tested through independent t-tests and Pearson’s correlation analyses. Despite prior research with adult samples, findings indicated no significant sex differences in emotion dysregulation or delayed discounting among YLS. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between family functioning, emotional regulation, and substance use. Specifically, emotional regulation difficulties correlated with poorer family functioning, which was also linked to higher substance use. These results may suggest that future interventions can apply similar strategies for both males and females; however, they should consider the role of family functioning in emotional regulation to mitigate impulsive behaviors and risk of delinquency.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and HIV are both critical and interconnected public health issues, particularly among individuals who are justice-involved. Individuals under community supervision face significant obstacles in accessing the prevention and treatment services necessary for both OUD and HIV. Although harm reduction strategies such as Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) for OUD and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention have proven effective, these interventions remain underutilized and difficult to access. This research explores barriers to service delivery that service providers face in delivering OUD and HIV care to justice-involved individuals with substance use disorder. Qualitative analysis of data sourced from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded study, Addressing Risk through Community Treatment for Infectious Disease and Opioid Use Disorder Now (ACTION) was coded with deductive methods. By identifying systemic, structural, and social barriers, the study aims to understand the challenges that affect care delivery. Key findings included stigma surrounding PrEP, lack of awareness about available services, delays in ART (anti-retroviral treatment) initiation, transportation barriers, judicial resistance to MAT and punitive legal approach to OUD. Addressing these barriers is essential to improving health outcomes and reducing the impact of HIV and OUD in justice-involved individuals, drawing on service provider insights to inform future policy changes.

For much of human evolutionary history, women have relied on their men for direct benefits like resources and protection. Importantly, men are unlikely to provide these benefits without receiving something in return. One potential strategy women may use to secure these resources is offering men sexual access in exchange for investment. Given that sex is a highly valuable resource for men, as their reproductive success largely depends on the number of women who are willing to grant him sexual access, they should be willing to accept obtaining sexual access in exchange for their investment. For women in harsh environments, having an investing male figure is particularly crucial to survival. As such, we should expect that women’s sexual openness may vary depending on whether they are in a stable or harsh environment as being more sexually open may be advantageous for women who are in harsh environments. Thus, the present research aims to examine the impact of environmental harshness on women’s sexual openness. We predict that women who are in harsh environments will be more sexually open than women who are in stable environments. Data are forthcoming.

Emotion regulation capability is a major contributor to various areas of functioning, including well-being and mental health(citation). Previous research (Rusk et al., 2011) shows that people differ on how motivated they are to demonstrate their ability to control their emotions (performance goals) and how motivated they are to learn to control their emotions better (learning goals). The current study explored the relationship between beliefs about controllability and usefulness of emotions and how much the participants endorsed higher performance and learning emotion regulation goals. The study also explored how emotion regulation goals and emotion beliefs correlated with various indicators of well-being. The initial correlational study showed that believing emotions can be controlled moderately predicted higher performance-avoidance goals for emotion regulation, while believing that emotions were generally useful had a weak negative association with learning emotion regulation goals. Additionally, higher emotion controllability beliefs, as well as higher performance-avoidance goals, predicted lower well-being. A second study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between emotion controllability beliefs and performance-avoidance emotion regulation goals.

Research looking at the association between hormonal birth control and mental health outcomes has primarily looked at what happens to women when they start using hormonal birth control. However, researchers have not begun to delve deep into the influence of discontinuing hormonal birth control on women’s mental health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating mental health outcomes of those who have discontinued hormonal birth control. Participants included women who had never used hormonal birth control (HBC), were currently using hormonal birth control, or had discontinued using hormonal birth control. All participants answered survey questions related to their current mental health outcomes. Results revealed that there were no differences in trait anxiety between never HBC users, current HBC users, or previous HBC users. However, there were differences in depression levels among the groups, such that individuals who had never used HBC reported higher levels of depression than previous HBC users. Therefore, these findings suggest that hormonal birth control usage may act as a neuroprotective intervention against depression during a developmentally critical time in which mood disorders commonly arise.

Self-recognition is a key indicator of higher cognitive processing and is atypical in children with autism spectrum disorder. A normal hallmark of typical social development requires knowledge of self and others. Self-recognition has been tested in a variety of different species and has been seen in a small number of mammals, birds, and fish. It is classically demonstrated by visual recognition using the mirror mark test. Parishar et al. (2021) previously examined self-recognition in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and despite some potentially promising findings, none of the birds in their experiments passed the mirror mark test. This study sought to extend previous research by exploring whether zebra finches demonstrate self-recognition using a more thorough and exhaustive procedure exposing zebra finches to a mirror following the application of visible mark. Six male zebra finches were habituated to an experimental cage and were exposed to four different conditions (mirror, male bird, female bird, control). Then, two analyses were performed: Experiment 1 examined whether zebra finches change the spectrotemporal features of song in each of the four conditions, and Experiment 2 assessed whether birds attempted to inspect or remove a mark only visible when birds viewed their reflection in a mirror in each condition. Observations suggest that some birds may show attention towards the mark test because as seen by mark-directed behavior. Song characteristics will be explored to determine if zebra finches modify their song structure when facing a mirror compared to singing to a male bird, a female bird, or an empty cage (control). This would provide evidence supporting self-recognition if the singing behavior directed toward the mirror is distinct from that toward a conspecific. This study explores whether self-recognition is observed in zebra finches, providing insight into evolutionary and cognitive mechanisms of self-recognition that can be used for future studies in the neurobiology of social and cognitive behaviors.

Existential Isolation and Its Impact on Empathy and Perspective Taking

Existential Isolation (EI) is the experience of feeling as though you are alone in your experience of the world; and that those around you do not share or understand your experiences. Past research demonstrates that EI is associated with negative influences on personal well-being including: loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lower levels of self-esteem. The impact of EI on our interactions or perceptions of others is less known and understood. Individuals that feel existentially isolated perceive a disconnect between how they experience the world and how others experience the world. Due to this disconnect, people with higher levels of EI may have difficulty taking the perspective of others or “walking in someone else’s shoes”. Perspective taking is a vital cognitive factor for feeling empathetic towards others. To explore if EI is associated with less empathy for others due to a difficulty in perspective taking, 186 undergraduate students were presented with three short stories depicting someone experiencing stress (e.g., recently experienced the death of a parent), and asked to try taking the perspective of the people in the stories. Results indicated that people who reported greater feelings of EI also reported greater difficulty with perspective taking and, subsequently, reported feeling less empathy for the people in the stories. These findings suggest that EI may inhibit people’s feelings of empathy due to increasing their difficulty with perspective taking. The implications of these findings for the role of EI in helping and supporting behaviors are discussed.

In conjunction with the legalization of medical marijuana, there has been an increase in recreational marijuana use among youth. In 2016, marijuana use for youth in the legal system (YLS) hit a high of 64%, which far exceeded the 11% rate for youth outside the legal system. Youth that frequently or occasionally use marijuana are linked to adverse health problems, including both physical and emotional, and have poor school outcomes. Prior research has found that youth who use marijuana are more susceptible to emotional dysregulation and higher levels of anxiety. Higher anxiety levels have been linked to greater marijuana use, more significant anxiety symptoms, and increases in anxiety over time. This is concerning as research shows that youth with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, or fear of anxiety, used marijuana to detach or manage emotional distress. Due to the risks associated with cannabis use, this study examined marijuana use among a sample of YLS, specifically looking at its connection to both emotion dysregulation and anxiety. Data were utilized over three timepoints (i.e., baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up) from a 5-year longitudinal study. Consistent with prior research, it is expected that there would be a positive relationship between anxiety and marijuana use, as well as emotion dysregulation and marijuana use. Utilizing Pearson’s correlations, results indicated a significant negative relationship between marijuana use and the emotion dysregulation subscale of nonacceptance at baseline. However, there were no significant relationship between marijuana use and anxiety. At month 3 follow-up, there were significant positive relationships between marijuana use and anxiety, as well as marijuana use and emotion dysregulation for total scores and the nonacceptance subscale. At the month 6 follow-up, results indicated a positive relationship between marijuana use and anxiety. However, there was no longer a significant relationship between marijuana use and emotion dysregulation. These preliminary results suggest there is a complicated relationship between emotion dysregulation and anxiety when it comes to marijuana use. Future research should continue examining these relationships to better inform intervention work.

Panic disorder is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, fear of future panic attacks and maladaptive behavioral changes. While only 4.7% of Americans will battle panic disorder in their lifetime, 27.3% of Americans will experience at least one panic attack. Cognitive models of panic attacks have historically emphasized the role of anxiety sensitivity in predicting symptoms, but other transdiagnostic variables, such as thought suppression, have yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of thought suppression to predict panic symptom severity above and beyond other predictors. To do this, we recruited participants (N = 161) on Cloud Research using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) Toolkit. Participants completed an online survey consisting of self-report measures of panic symptom severity, thought suppression, anxiety sensitivity, and trait anxiety. Results of simultaneous and hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that thought suppression was a significant positive predictor of panic symptom severity and accounted for additional variance in the model above and beyond anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety. This unique finding suggests that perhaps attempts to suppress anxious or catastrophic thoughts strengthens them and feeds the panic cognitive loop. It also supports the exploration of acceptance-based interventions to address thought suppression differently than traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Prior research has found that visual cues presented before (pre) or after (retro) an object improve object properties recognition, like identity (what it is) and spatial location (where it is), in humans (Griffin & Nobre, 2003) and monkeys (Brady & Hampton, 2018). However, this has not yet been tested in other species or using other cue modalities (e.g., auditory). The current experiment will analyze the effect of visual and auditory cues on object recognition in 6 pigeons, explicitly examining how these cues influence identity and spatial location processing in a visual working memory task.

Pigeons will perform a change detection task,in a Plexiglas chamber with a monitor, touch screen, and speakers. In each trial, the subject will peck a white crosshair on the center of the screen to start. After 1500 ms, a sample pair of colored circles will appear on the left and right sides of the screen for 5000 ms. After a 1500 ms delay, a test stimulus will be displayed on the screen’s left or right side. Pigeons must compare the test stimulus to the sample previously presented on the same side of the screen. During some trials, pigeons will receive pre- or retro-cue signaling which sample stimulus will be tested (e.g., the one displayed on the left). For half of the pigeons, the cues will be different frequency sounds (auditory group), and for the rest, colored backgrounds (visual group). It is predicted that the auditory group will have higher accuracy than the visual group, suggesting auditory cues may enhance recognition of visual objects more than visual cues.