The Middle Cenomanian Woodbine sandstones act as a major reservoir system for many large oil fields throughout East Texas. Although numerous studies have been completed on Woodbine outcrops within DFW Metroplex, none have used modern techniques or tools, or utilized facies model concepts to study their reservoir characteristics or environment of deposition. Prior studies interpreted these outcrops as a shelf-strandplain coastal setting or a fluvial-dominated delta plain. However, this study of Woodbine outcrops along Lake Grapevine identified evidence of significant tidal influence.
The focus of this project was to determine the depositional environment and obtain a better understanding of the reservoir characteristics of the upper Woodbine (Lewisville) sandstones found in outcrop along the southeastern shores of Lake Grapevine in Tarrant County, TX. A detailed study of the lithofacies, ichnofacies, and biofacies, along with handheld spectral gamma ray and permeameter analyses, from 8 measured sections were conducted to identify representative lithofacies. Oversized thin-sections were made to estimate porosity ranges for each lithofacies, and to identify the types and extent of cement in the sandstones. Photomosaics were utilized to delineate sand body geometries by tracing out the lateral extent of the units and identifying significant surfaces and potential fluid barriers or baffles.
Seven lithofacies were distinguished in the outcrops of the study area: Bioclastic, massive bioturbated sandstone, mudstone, heterolithic sandstone and mudstone, crossbedded sandstone, flaser-bedded sandstone, and cemented sandstone. Two of the most common and laterally continuous lithofacies, the massive bioturbated and crossbedded sandstones, also had the best reservoir characteristics, with average porosities of 26% and 27%, and average measured permeabilities of 6,300 mD and 10,700 mD, respectively. The lower permeabilities in the massive bioturbated sandstone are related to clay-rimmed burrows. The bioclastic, mudstone, and cemented sandstone lithofacies are potential barriers to fluid flow, as they all have low porosities (less than 2%) and permeabilities (less than 200 mD).
The data acquired during this study were all consistent with an interpretation of a tidally-influenced estuarine to shallow marine depositional environment for the upper Woodbine in the study area, which differs from previous studies. The high abundance of trace fossils that are commonly found in tidally-influenced depositional systems, including Conichnus/Bergaueria, Cylindrichnus, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Rosselia, Rusophycus, Skolithos, and Thalassinoides, coupled with the presence of heterolithic deposits and common oyster shells led to this interpretation.
This study is the first to analyze outcrops of the Lewisville (upper Woodbine) sandstones in their type area specifically for their reservoir characteristics, and to document tidal influences during deposition. Considering the considerable volumes of hydrocarbons that have been produced from the Woodbine in the adjacent East Texas Basin, this study could provide valuable data for building reservoir models of upper Woodbine sandstones for both hydrocarbon production and potential CO2 sequestration.

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF FOOD INSECURITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Maddie Jacobs; Gina Hill, PhD, RD, LD; Kelly Fisher, DCN, RD, LD; Kristi Jarman, PhD

Background - The USDA defines food insecurity (FI) as when individuals lack the resources to obtain food in socially acceptable ways. According to the USDA, 10.2% of the U.S. population was food insecure in 2021. According to current literature, university campuses have an average of 36% FI. There are limited studies regarding FI at private universities, likely because FI is assumed to be low.

Objective – This study aimed to identify the rate and distribution of FI at a private university in North Texas and to analyze the demographic, socio-economic, and other factors associated with FI among college students.

Design – In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a one-time online survey.

Methods – The survey included sociodemographic questions and the validated USDA Adult Food Security Survey Module to measure FI status among current university students >18 years of age. Ordinal logistic regression, based on the Proportional Odds model, was conducted to determine the association between FI and sociodemographic variables.

Results – The majority of participants were white (82%, n=288), non-Hispanic (83%, n=293), and women (77%, n=271) with a mean age of 22.5±6.6. Of the 353 participants in the study, 22.4% (n=79) were classified as food insecure and 9.6% (n=34) were classified as having very low food security with evidence of reduced intake and disrupted eating patterns. Participants who were underclassmen (p=0.029), receiving more financial aid (p=0.016), international (p=0.081), Hispanic/Latinx (p=0.478), and older (p=0.283) were more likely to have greater FI. Among the food insecure participants, 30.4% (n=24) were aware of resources to obtain food on or near campus.

Conclusions - More research is needed regarding FI at private universities. However, this study provides sufficient data to take action to address FI by means of advocacy, dissemination of resource information, and the addition of new resources, such as an on-campus food pantry.

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) can lead to decreased quality of life (QOL), medical complications, and death, with the second highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. ED treatment can include psychologists, registered dietitians (RD), and/or physicians. Insufficient research exists regarding RDs’ effects on ED treatment.
Objective: Describe the impact of RDs on ED treatment and QOL.
Design: A cross-sectional sample of participants with a history of ED completed a one-time, online survey.
Methods: Healthcare providers were emailed with recruitment materials for clients >18 years. Survey included demographic, validated Eating Disorder Quality of Life scale (EDQOL), and RD effects and helpfulness questions. In SPSS, paired t-test was used to assess QOL post-treatment for RD vs non-RD groups, plus effect size. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare post-treatment QOL scores and mean differences in pre- and post-treatment QOL scores for RD vs non-RD groups. Using conventional qualitative analysis, narrative responses to the question “How has working with a registered dietitian (RD) affected your eating disorder recovery?” were coded by two researchers separately, then consensus was reached for final themes.
Results: Participants (n=70) were 87.1% (n=61) white, 90% (n=63) female, and RD treatment group (n=60). Most participants had positive perceptions of RD impact on ED recovery and described RDs as helpful, supportive educators. Over 62% of participants (n=35) reported that the RD helped reduce disordered eating behaviors a great deal/a lot. Statistically significant improvement in QOL after treatment existed for both RD treatment (-22.68, n=56, p < 0.001) and non-RD treatment groups (-14.9, n=10, p=0.008), without a significant difference between groups (p=0.193).
Conclusions: Results suggest RDs contribute to certain aspects of recovery. Participants reported that RDs helped decrease ED behaviors, shame, and meal skipping. Future research needs include the effects of RDs on ED treatment in larger, diverse samples.

A novel approach is presented that increases sensitivity and specificity for detecting minimal traces of DNA in liquid and on solid samples. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from YOYO to Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) substantially increases signal from DNA bound EtBr highly enhancing sensitivity and specificity for DNA detection. The long fluorescence lifetime of the EtBr acceptor, when bound to DNA, allows for multi-pulse pumping with time gated (MPPTG) detection, which highly increases the detectable signal of DNA bound EtBr. A straightforward spectra/image subtraction eliminates sample back-ground and allows for a huge increase in the overall detection sensitivity. Using a combination of FRET and MPPTG detection an amount as small as 10 pg of DNA in a microliter sample can be detected without any additional sample purification/manipulation or use of amplification technologies. This amount of DNA is comparable to the DNA content of a single human cell. Such a detection method based on simple optics opens the potential for robust, highly sensitive DNA detection/imaging in the field, quick evaluation/sorting (i.e., triaging) of collected DNA samples, and can support various diagnostic assays.

Galaxies, like our Milky Way, harbor stars and planets that are created out of gas. We utilize observations from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to inspect the gas in and outside of galaxies. We then use these data to compare against the rate at which these galaxies are forming stars. We use ratios of spectral emission and absorption lines from MaNGA to determine whether a particular point in the galaxy best resembles a star-forming region, an active galactic nucleus, or something in between. We will further assess the star-formation activity in the galaxies based on their ionized gas and stellar spectral indices. We will use HST observations of the same galaxies to quantify the amount and properties of the gas surrounding them to better understand how the environments of galaxies impact the activity occurring within them. Through this work, we will contribute to our understanding of the galactic gas cycle and its connection with star formation within these galaxies.

When massive stars in a galaxy die, they explode and create clouds of gaseous debris. If these clouds of debris break out of the galaxy, they can create galactic winds. The nearby Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) galaxy is ideal for studying galactic winds as it is oriented face-on and is driving out 85 million Sun’s worth of gas. Using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we are studying chemical absorption fingerprints from the light that passes through the LMC’s galactic winds. These chemical fingerprints enable us to assess the physical properties of the winds. We are using the light from 150 young, massive stars in the LMC to probe through the LMC’s galactic winds. In order to determine where the LMC’s disk ends and the winds begin, we utilize the Galactic All-Sky Survey observations to trace the motions of the neutral hydrogen gas. Together, these observations will allow us to measure how fast the winds are moving, how much gas they contain, and their ionization states. Exploring the LMC’s galactic outflows will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between a galaxy’s environment and its evolutionary progression.

The antimicrobial properties of ZnO are well documented. Demonstrated effectiveness against various strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in addition to being an abundant and inexpensive material leave it well positioned for application as an antibacterial agent. ZnO based antibacterial agents see current usage in biomedical, water treatment, food storage and various other industries. Despite the significant promise and proven application, realization of both novel and efficient, targeted applications is hindered by a lack of understanding in the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the antimicrobial properties of ZnO. In particular the role and nature of components of the local bacterial environment in mediating/hindering these antibacterial interactions. Phosphate-rich environments in particular have been observed to inhibit antimicrobial behavior in ZnO though the manner in which this occurs has not been adequately described. To elucidate the environmental interactions relevant to the antimicrobial action of ZnO we investigated the effects of interactions with both bacteria and the bacterial environments on the physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the free crystalline surface of ZnO microparticles (MPs). This involves exposing hydrothermally grown ZnO MPs to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) media both with and without the presence of Newman strain S. aureus bacteria. Changes in the surface electronic structure and charge dynamics due to these exposures are monitored via both time and energy dependent surface photovoltage (SPV) conducted prior to and following biological assays. In doing so we demonstrate significant changes in the characteristic timescales of long-lived processes in the SPV transients after exposure to phosphate-rich environments. Such findings point to significant phosphate adsorption at the free crystalline surface. This is further supported by suppression of oxygen rich defect centers after exposure to PBS media. We also comment on the interaction of bacteria as the presence of S. aureus suppresses this adsorption and influences charge transfer processes at short and intermediate timescales.

Excitation and emission (observation) conditions heavily impact fluorescence measurements. Both observed spectra and intensity decay (fluorescence lifetimes), when incorrectly measured, may lead to incorrect data interpretations. The necessity of using so-called total fluorescence intensity or intensity measured under magic angle (MA) conditions is demonstrated for both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in two solvents - ethanol and glycerol have been used in order to demonstrate the general importance of Magic Angle observation.

Star clusters have long been used as chemical and dynamical tracers for our home galaxy, the Milky Way. Many of these clusters are the old, metal poor, and massive objects known as globular clusters. These globular clusters are ideal test-beds for studying stellar evolution, stellar dynamics, and Galactic evolution since all the included stars are born from the same gas cloud. In this work, we combine the positions and motions of stars on the sky, provided by the European Space Agency’s Gaia space telescope, with the high-resolution chemical abundances from the Apache Point Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) to create a catalog of globular clusters. By only using data from two sources this sample of clusters is less susceptible to systematic offsets induced by combining multiple literature datasets. Overall, our catalog includes nearly half of all known Milky Way globular clusters, and a total of 5000 likely stellar members with APOGEE chemical abundances. We use these data to explore the internal properties of globular clusters as well as the population of the clusters as a whole to paint a picture of what the Milky Way looked like when it was first forming.

Characterizing Galactic sub-structures is crucial to understanding the assembly history and evolution of the Milky Way. To accomplish this, we need to identify and analyze the accreted sub-structures. With ESA Gaia and SDSS-IV/APOGEE, studies have been done to analyze the kinematics and chemical abundances, respectively. However, one challenge that still remains is deriving reliable ages for these sub-structures. We utilize the new relationship between the carbon to nitrogen ratio and stellar age derived by the OCCAM team, which has recently been extended to the metal-poor regime, to probe stars within the sub-structures in the metallicity range -1.2 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.3 dex. This allows us to determine the ages of a greater number of stars within these sub-structures, which paints a more coherent picture of the original galaxies that have been disrupted to form the Milky Way’s halo. Using the sample of halo sub-structures in Horta et al. (2023), we apply the newly extended calibration to determine ages of stars within these sub-structures and compare them to previous age estimates.

Galaxies are giant playgrounds in which stars, planets, and potentially sentient carbon-based lifeforms live out their lives. We live in the Milky Way galaxy, however, like all larger galaxies the Milky Way has a slight cannibalism problem. Larger, more massive galaxies are assembled from smaller galaxies where the surviving small galaxies are dwarf galaxies. The latest victims of our Milky Way’s cannibalism are the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and we have no idea what happened to their dwarf galaxies. To further complicate things, we don’t know how many dwarf galaxies fell into the Milky Way with the LMC, or where they ended up. In addition, the dwarf satellites of the LMC should be extremely faint and difficult to detect. We use computer simulations in order to take a bite out of these questions. We send a perfectly innocent LMC and its satellites into the gravitational potential of a Milky Way galaxy, and see where the dwarf satellites are flung.

Astronomers determine chemical abundances of stars through spectroscopy, which provides clues as to where the stars were formed. We use the chemical composition of stars to infer their relative ages due to past enrichment. However, the surface abundance of stars is not always constant during its life and will change as the star evolves due to its internal processes. As a result, if we assume the chemical makeup of stars is constant within a star cluster, it can cause systematic errors when inferring stellar parameters. For example, in previous investigations, the star cluster M67 has been observed to have signatures of atomic diffusion: the combined effect of gravity pulling elements deeper into the star and radiation preventing elements from floating to the surface locks elements below the observable surface of a star which cannot be unlocked until the star evolves further, changing the measured abundance. When the star evolves, convection reaches into the interior of the star and carries these elements back to the surface where they can now be observed once again. This process can explain the elemental abundance variation found in main-sequence stars, like our Sun, and also evolving stars, which can also affect what apparent age we determine. Stars within a cluster tend to form from the same gas cloud at the same time, giving them the same age and initial chemical composition. Therefore, star clusters are ideal test-beds for investigating elemental abundance and the resulting apparent age variations. Data from the Apache Point Galactic Evolution Experiment survey provides the opportunity to investigate how abundance variation/diffusion is affected by age.

With novel materials getting smaller and their size falling to the nanometer scale, it becomes harder to fully characterize them by only using the experimental apparatus at hand. Therefore, taking advantage of computational methods proves to be trustworthy in filling those gaps and in aiding our experimental data to get a better understanding of the nanomaterials’ structural and electronic properties. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently become one of the flagships of carbon nanotechnology due to their remarkable physical properties and, when functionalized, their ability to become water soluble, biocompatible, and capable of fluorescence in the visible and near-infrared. This makes them perspective carriers for therapeutic delivery and image-tracking. In order to assess the advantages of their utilization for a variety of bioapplications, we have investigated the optical properties of doped GQDs and their interactions with biomolecules using a variety of molecular simulation approaches. The true atomic ground state of the N-GQD is achieved by performing first-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). DFT calculations also unrevealed the contributions of each functional group within the structure to HOMO–LUMO band edges. The adsorption of biomolecules and genes on the GQD surface has been further investigated with regard to the GQD structure, complementing experimental results that verify gene and drug complexation.

While silencing RNA (siRNA) technology has become a powerful tool that can enable cancer-specific gene therapy, its translation to the clinic is still hampered by several critical factors. These include the inability of cell transfection by the genes alone, poor siRNA stability in blood, and the lack of delivery tracking capabilities. Recently, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a novel platform allowing targeted drug delivery and fluorescence image-tracking in the visible and near-infrared. These capabilities can aid in overcoming primary obstacles to siRNA therapeutics. Here, for the first time, we utilize biocompatible nitrogen and neodymium-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs and Nd-NGQDs) for the delivery of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) siRNA effective against a variety of cancer types. The non-covalent loading of siRNA onto GQDs is evaluated and optimized by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and zeta potential measurements. GQDs as a delivery platform facilitate successful gene transfection into HeLa cells confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy at biocompatible GQD concentrations of 375 µg/mL. While the NGQD platform provides visible fluorescence tracking, Nd doping enables deeper tissue near-infrared fluorescence imaging suitable for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The therapeutic efficacy of the GQDs/siRNA complex is verified by successful protein knockdown in HeLa cells at nanomolar siEGFR and siKRAS concentrations. A range of GQDs/siRNA loading ratios and payloads is tested to ultimately provide substantial inhibition of protein expression down to 31-45% comparable with conventional Lipofectamine-mediated delivery. This demonstrates the promising potential of GQDs for the non-toxic delivery of siRNA and genes in general, complemented by multiwavelength image-tracking.

In order for galaxies to sustain current star-formation rates, including our Milky Way, they need to replenish their reservoirs of gas. High-velocity clouds (HVCs) entering our galaxy, like the Smith Cloud, present a possible source of gas for future star formation. Although the chemistry of the Smith Cloud has been previously studied, it is unclear whether there is variation in the chemistry of the Smith Cloud. With the Hubble Space Telescope, we measure the absorption of various elements along the tail and an adjacent fragment of the Smith Cloud. For the tail, we used existing observations, and for the fragments, we observed two new sightlines with Hubble. We additionally use radio emission-line observations from the Green Bank Telescope and from the Galactic All-Sky Survey (GASS) to understand the neutral hydrogen gas. Using observations in conjunction with the Cloudy simulations, we provide constraints on the chemistry of all five sightlines. Our new sulfur abundances for the adjacent fragment of the Cloud are higher than those downstream in the trailing wake. By quantifying the properties of gas clouds traveling through the Galactic halo, we can assess how they are impacted by their environments and better understand how the star-formation gas reservoirs of large galaxies are replenished.

There is currently a mismatch between the chemical properties of a typical star and those within star clusters across the Milky Way galaxy. Star clusters are groups of stars bound by gravity, many of which are found in the disk of the Milky Way. Studying these star clusters reveals essential information about the rich history of our Galaxy, as we can measure their age and their chemical composition independently. While some clusters interact with their environment, causing them to dissolve, other clusters remain bound for billions of years. In order to investigate these disruption events, we will study the evolution of star clusters throughout cosmic time via simulations. With the use of cosmological simulations, such as the Feedback In Realistic Environment (FIRE) simulation, we are able to learn why clusters move from their original place of formation and how far they go. Additionally, FIRE allows us to trace star clusters through their different stages of their evolution, and study how they survive as they interact with other components of the galaxy. In this study, we will investigate the Galactic chemical gradient mismatch for the Milky Way, as we compare the FIRE simulations to the observed star cluster distribution and properties measured from Gaia satellite and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

Approximately 72% of Americans are overweight or obese, and healthcare for obesity-induced chronic diseases accounts for almost half of the total costs for disease treatment in the U.S. Further, obesity is a key risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a fatal disease that is the 6th leading causes of death in the U.S. As obesity and AD are comorbid, dietary intervention could be a key strategy to reduce excessive weight gain and AD risk.

High obesity prevalence in the U.S. is most likely due to the typical American diet, known as the Western Diet (WD), which is comprised of simple carbohydrates, refined sugars and vegetable oils, processed meat, and high-fat dairy products. Conversely, the Mediterranean Diet (MD), a plant-based diet, is typically comprised of complex carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, seafood, and low-fat dairy products. The MD has been shown to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, and thus, has the potential to protect against AD.

The current study examined the effects of the MD and WD, modeled after typical human diets, in a hippocampus dependent learning task in wildtype mice. As the hippocampus is a crucial brain region for learning and memory, and hardest hit by AD pathologies, we aimed to explore how diet affects learning and memory processes that are dependent on this brain region. The results revealed that life-long consumption of the MD enhanced spatial learning and memory, in comparison to the WD, in male mice. These results suggest that long-term consumption of the MD could be used to enhance cognition in older adults.

Healthy sleep is imperative for many biological and psychological functions, including immune function and neural plasticity. Alarmingly, over one-third of US adults report getting less than the minimum recommended 7 hours of sleep each night. Unfortunately, sleep loss is linked with impairments in immune and cognitive function. Our lab previously demonstrated that chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is associated with cognitive impairment in wild-type mice. The present research investigated the impact of CSR on markers of inflammation and neural plasticity in response to an immune insult in adult C57BL/6 mice. Male and female mice underwent six weeks of CSR, followed by one intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. Four hours post-injection, serum and hippocampal tissue were collected for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokine analysis. Results revealed patterns that differed between males and females. Male mice that underwent CSR and received LPS had increased serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, while cytokine mRNA in the hippocampus was decreased compared to control mice that received LPS. Conversely, female mice that underwent CSR and received LPS had decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in both the serum and hippocampus compared to control mice that received LPS. Moreover, males that underwent CSR exhibited decreased hippocampal BDNF mRNA compared to controls, while this difference was not observed in females. These patterns of findings suggest a complicated interaction between chronic sleep loss, immune function, and sex, underscoring the necessity to understand how lifestyle factors such as sleep loss can influence immune and cognitive dysfunction in both men and women.

Previous research finds that people are perceived as naïve and socially submissive when expressing fear. The outward expression of this emotion is thought to function to elicit prosocial responses from others. However, no work has examined whether fearful expressions are also perceived as an opportunity for exploitation in environments which favor opportunistic responding such as harsh, low resource environments. The current research was designed to examine 1) the perceived opportunities posed by fearful individuals, and 2) whether the presence of someone from a harsh environment leads individuals to suppress, rather than express, their fear. In two studies, participants were randomly assigned to evaluate the opportunities for exploitation posed by a person expressing either fear or no emotion. In a third study, participants were randomly assigned to view a fear inducing video from a horror movie or a neutral video from a nature documentary. Participants then disclosed to a bogus study partner (from a harsh or benign environment) the degree of fear they felt while watching the video. Results revealed that fearful individuals are perceived as posing more of an opportunity for exploitation than individuals expressing no emotion. Additionally, being in the presence of an individual from a harsh environment was associated with reduced fear expression after watching a scary video. These results suggest that the expression of fear may be risky under certain contexts.

Aim. This study aims to explore the feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and reliability of a new observational assessment tool - the Child and Adolescent Wellbeing Scale (CAWS), designed to evaluate socio-emotional health and attachment patterns in children and adolescents.
Background. There is significant interest in child trauma and interventions, and therefore a need for an assessment tool to assess child-level outcomes of trauma-informed interventions, care, and services. The CAWS was created to address this gap, providing a measure rooted in child-caregiver attachment and relational trauma. The CAWS is a 25-item scale with three subscales: Connection, Regulation, and Felt-Safety, which align with Bath’s Three Pillars of Trauma-Informed Care.
Method. Twenty mental health clinicians were trained to use the CAWS during two virtual sessions. Following training, each participant independently observed and rated 15 pre-recorded video interactions between children and their caregivers (totaling 300 independent ratings). Clinicians provided feedback on the CAWS instrument content and format after rating the videotaped interactions; validated measures were used to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the instrument. Reliability estimates were calculated using the generalizability theory.
Results. Ninety-four percent of participants (95% white, 85% female, median age 40.5 years, 100% Master’s degree) reported that administering the CAWS was feasible (i.e., implementable, doable), 100% indicated it was acceptable (i.e., appealing, meets approval), and 100% indicated it was appropriate (i.e., suitable, applicable). Additionally, 100% of participants reported that they would likely use the CAWS in their practice. The CAWS demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability overall (R1F = .82), was a reliable measurement of systematic change in children (Rc = .94), and reliability emphasized the stable individual difference between children (RKF = .98).
Conclusion. The current study demonstrates the CAWS as a promising evaluation tool with excellent reliability, feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness. Additional studies should investigate the CAWS instrument's validity further, focusing on its applicability in field settings and its utility in measuring change over time.

The phenomenon of helicopter parenting, or a parent’s overinvolvement in their children’s lives, has been previously studied in populations of college students. Helicopter parenting is associated with negative effects on child well-being and parental closeness in this population. Current research is sparse, however, with very little research examining helicopter parenting in non-college student populations. The current study aims to (1) replicate previous findings on the effects of helicopter parenting in a non-student population; (2) explore the relationship between helicopter parenting and wellbeing substance use, and justice involvement; and (3) examine associations between demographic variables and helicopter parenting. This poster focuses on the methodology being implemented in the current study, as well as an examination of current literature surrounding helicopter parenting.

Terror management theory suggests that the potential for anxiety from the awareness of death can be buffered by a cultural worldview. Mind-body dualism, the belief that the mind and the body are separate, might affect people’s mortality concerns. Given that the body is threatening given its vulnerability to death, individuals who perceive the mind and body as being connected (vs. separate) should experience higher mortality-related thoughts and defense of their cultural beliefs. Past research found that mind-body dualism was related to afterlife belief, which was able to buffer existential concerns (Heflick et al., 2015). Based on these findings, the current research investigated how mind-body dualism moderated the effect of the creaturely body on death-related concerns. The result showed that people who perceived the mind-body relationship as more separate showed significantly fewer death concerns after reading an essay emphasizing the creatureliness of the body, whereas people who held beliefs in a more interrelated mind-body relationship showed heightened death concerns after the creaturely body prime.

Reintroductions have become increasingly common to help restore populations of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum). Reintroduction success of any species can be shaped by many factors including genetics, selection of suitable reintroduction sites, etc. Our primary goal has been to determine whether release techniques- specifically site selection and release method- contribute to the reintroduction success of captive-bred hatchling Texas horned lizards. In 2020 and 2021, we reintroduced over 500 captive-bred hatchling Texas horned lizards from the Ft. Worth, Dallas, and Caldwell Zoos to Mason Mountain WMA (Mason County, TX). Lizards were randomly assigned to one of two release sites and were placed either in clumps of 20+ lizards (Site 2 2020 & Site 1 2021) or were dispersed 5 m from one another (Site 1 2020 & Site 2 2021) at release. We used harmonic radar to track lizards and monitor survivorship outcomes and growth rates from release (September or October) until most lizards began brumating in early December. We found that survival outcomes were associated with both release site (χ22, 509 = 34.5, p<0.0001) and release method (χ22, 509 =15.09, p=0.005). We achieved the highest survivorship (26.4%) when lizards were dispersed at Site 1. Preliminary dietary and prey availability assessments suggest that survivorship differences between locations may be related to differences in food availability. Our findings suggest that future reintroduction attempts may have higher success rates if 1) sites are selected that meet the specific resource requirements of hatchlings, and 2) lizards are dispersed from one another at release.

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which is a spore forming bacterium. Even though the anthrax toxins and capsule, encoded on 2 plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, play crucial role in the pathogenesis of anthrax infection, evidence suggests that chromosomal genes also play a role. The ClpX ATPase was discovered to be crucial for B. anthracis virulence via protection against host antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we want to investigate the role of clpX in regulation of other stressors including acidic stress, temperature stress, salt stress, and non-cell envelope active antibiotics. We found that clpX is necessary for survival in an acidic environment and growth under heat stress. We demonstrate that acidic stress resistance is mediated by the formation of the ClpXP protease using a ClpX complementation plasmid that is incapable of interacting with ClpP. There is no association between clpX with other stressors. We conclude that the ClpX is required for B. anthracis pathogenicity via defenses against host antimicrobial peptides and for survival in an acidic environment. Understanding the role ClpX in the regulation of stress responses will ultimately infer us with new target for either directly combating infection or improving the efficacy of already available medicines.

Impacts of Pollen-Donor Distance and Nutrient Availability on
Reproductive Success in a Carnivorous Plant

Halia Eastburn and John Horner

The maintenance of genetic diversity has important consequences for the survival of plant populations. Because plants are sessile, the distance between plants is often inversely correlated with relatedness. Therefore, the distance between pollen-donor and recipient can determine the level of inbreeding or outbreeding. Both pollen-donor distance and nutrient availability can affect reproductive success in populations of flowering plants. Populations of the carnivorous plant Sarracenia alata have dwindled and become extremely fragmented due to human development and agriculture. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pollen-donor distance and prey capture on reproductive success in S. alata. We hand-pollinated flowers with pollen from varying distances [0 m (self-pollinated) and 35, 60, 90, 125, and 190 m], and we prevented prey capture in half of our study plants. We measured seed production and germination to estimate reproductive success. Pollen-donors from greater distances sired a greater number of seeds but pollen-donor distance did not affect germinability. There was no effect of prey capture alone nor an interaction of pollen-donor and prey capture on seed production or germination. More research is needed to understand nutrient allocation for reproduction over multiple years and natural variance in prey capture which might affect reproductive output in subsequent seasons.